摘要：1983年7月任天堂推出家用游戏主机Famicom
Abstract: In July 1983, Nintendo launched the home game console Famicom
关键词：FC，Famicom，历史
Keywords: FC, Famicom, history
1983年7月任天堂推出家用游戏主机Famicom，也就是八零后所熟知的红白机，简称为FC。
In July 1983, Nintendo launched the home game console Famicom, which is also known as the red and white machine after the 1980s, referred to as FC.
只要连接到电视就可以玩游戏，而且颜色漂亮，声音好，动作好，和当时的街机游戏同样的品质。
Just hook it up to the TV and play the game, with beautiful colors, good sound, and good action, all of the same quality as the arcade games of the day.
当时在日本玩一次街机游戏需要100日元，FC爆炸性的获得了成功。
At that time, it cost 100 yen to play an arcade game in Japan, and FC achieved explosive success.
在那样的年代，只要能够更换游戏卡带就可以享受各种游戏FC的成功是理所当然的。
In that era, as long as you can change the game cartridge, you can enjoy the success of various games FC is a matter of course.
在FC之前的家用游戏机是什么样的呢？What was the home game console before FC?
是任天堂出品的game&watch ，这些游戏机一台主机只安装了一个游戏，主要是面向成年人发售的，价格对于孩子来说有点贵。
It is a game&watch produced by Nintendo. These game consoles only have one game installed on each host. They are mainly sold for adults, and the price is a bit expensive for children.
当时的游戏机产品还有Epock公司的“カセットビジョン”，世嘉公司的“SG-1000”，トミ公司的ぴゅう太。全日本共有14家公司开发了各种游戏机。
The game console products at that time also included Epock’s “カセットビジョン”, Sega’s “SG-1000”, and Tomi’s ぴゅうま. A total of 14 companies across Japan have developed various game consoles.
任天堂的历史history of nintendo
任天堂是日本京都的一家玩具厂，主要生产扑克牌，因为老板产生了危机感，就进入了游戏开发行业。
Nintendo is a toy factory in Kyoto, Japan, which mainly produces playing cards. Because the boss felt a sense of crisis, he entered the game development industry.
当时《太空侵略者》火爆全球，任天堂开发了《大金刚》和《超级马里奥兄弟》等街机游戏。《大金刚》在日本和美国大受欢迎之后，就被移植到其他主机平台。
可以说，任天堂在开发硬件的同时，也同时开发游戏软件。通过将在街机游戏中爆火的游戏内容移植到game&watch和FC，大量的游戏玩家就会转移到下一代游戏主机上。
It can be said that while Nintendo develops hardware, it also develops game software at the same time. By transplanting the popular game content in arcade games to game&watch and FC, a large number of gamers will transfer to the next-generation game consoles.
任天堂游戏做的好，硬件开发水平也是一流。
Nintendo’s games are good, and the level of hardware development is also top-notch.
第一款卡带游戏机“Atari VCS”The first cassette game console “Atari VCS”
1977年美国Atari雅达利公司推出Atari VCS主机，掀起了爆炸性的热潮。到1982年，Atari VCS卖出1500万台。
In 1977, Atari Atari Corporation of the United States launched the Atari VCS mainframe, which set off an explosive boom. By 1982, Atari VCS had sold 15 million units.
Atari VCS是人类历史上第一个采用盒式卡带的家用游戏主机，只需要更换卡带就可以玩新游戏。Atari VCS是FC的原型。
Atari VCS is the first home game console in the history of mankind to adopt a cassette cartridge, and new games can be played only by replacing the cassette. Atari VCS is the prototype of FC.
由于Atari VCS的热销，任天堂在山内社长“至少要制造出其他公司一年都无法追赶的东西”的命令下，开始了FC的研发。如果不是Atari VCS，FC的研发也会延后。因为业界对家用主机的评价很低，游戏开发商也不考虑将街机游戏移植到家用机。
Due to the hot sales of Atari VCS, Nintendo started the research and development of FC under the order of President Yamauchi “to produce at least something that other companies cannot catch up with for a year”. If it weren’t for Atari VCS, the development of FC would also be delayed. Because the industry’s evaluation of home consoles is very low, game developers do not consider porting arcade games to home consoles.
FC火爆的原因The reason why FC is hot
1960年代的日本人很穷，很多人的童年买不起玩具。到了1980年代，这些小孩已经长大，同时也变得富裕，有能力购买FC。
The Japanese in the 1960s were very poor, and many of them could not afford toys in their childhood. By the 1980s, these kids had grown up and become wealthy enough to buy FC.
FC的发售价为14800日元，其他家用游戏主机的售价为30000-50000日元。FC之所以便宜，是因为任天堂向订制晶片供应商Rico保证两年内卖出300万台，成功的大幅降低了成本。
The release price of FC is 14,800 yen, and the price of other home game consoles is 30,000-50,000 yen. The reason why FC is cheap is that Nintendo guaranteed to Rico, a custom chip supplier, to sell 3 million units within two years, successfully reducing costs significantly.
除了价格之外，FC的质量也很好。任天堂和Rico一起研发FC专用的晶片，区别于其他公司的家用主机。其他公司由于直接使用了电脑的晶片，因此在颜色数量和声音上都远远落后于FC。当时除了任天堂以外，没有一家公司想要专门设计游戏主机用的晶片。
In addition to the price, the quality of FC is also very good. Nintendo and Rico jointly developed FC-specific chips, which are different from other companies’ home consoles. Since other companies directly use computer chips, they are far behind FC in terms of color quantity and sound. At that time, no company other than Nintendo wanted to design chips specifically for game consoles.
FC火爆的另一个原因，就是任天堂在游戏软件方面也有强烈的意识。不论硬件有多好，没有畅销的游戏软件，页无法成功。这种现在理所当然的想法，当时只有任天堂有。任天堂知道提供有趣的游戏是销售游戏主机的关键因素。
Another reason for the popularity of FC is that Nintendo also has a strong sense of game software. No matter how good the hardware is, a website cannot succeed without top-selling gaming software. This kind of idea that is now taken for granted was only available to Nintendo at the time. Nintendo knows that delivering fun games is a key factor in selling the console.
游戏软件审查Game Software Review
1982年底，美国Atari VCS主机市场崩溃，原因是粗制滥造的游戏。
At the end of 1982, the U.S. Atari VCS console market collapsed due to poorly made games.
任天堂决定第三方游戏开发商要进入FC必须接受任天堂审查，并且游戏卡带由任天堂生产。
Nintendo decided that third-party game developers must accept Nintendo’s review if they want to enter FC, and the game cartridges will be produced by Nintendo.
通过这些措施，任天堂保证了FC主机上游戏的质量，而且通过生产卡带获得了巨额利润。
Through these measures, Nintendo guaranteed the quality of games on FC consoles, and made huge profits through the production of cassettes.
初期进入FC的有6家游戏开发商，分别是Hudson，Namco，Tite，Konami，Capcom，Jareco。
There are 6 game developers who entered FC in the early stage, namely Hudson, Namco, Tite, Konami, Capcom, and Jareco.
引爆点Tipping point
1985年9月13日，《超级马里奥兄弟》FC版发售，成为FC大卖的引爆点。
On September 13, 1985, the FC version of “Super Mario Bros.” was released, which became the tipping point of FC’s big sales.
1985年底，美版FC发售，当时的卖点是光线枪。
At the end of 1985, the US version of FC was released, and the selling point at that time was the light gun.
1986年5月15日，日本国民游戏《勇者斗恶龙》FC版发售。
On May 15, 1986, the FC version of the Japanese national game “Dragon Quest” was released.
《超级马里奥兄弟》持续火爆，到1988年，FC已经卖出了700万台。
“Super Mario Bros.” continued to be popular. By 1988, FC had sold 7 million units.
FC的终结The end of FC
为了打破FC的垄断，NEC于1987年退出了PCエンジン」；世嘉于1988年推出了MegaDriver，简称MD。虽然这些新主机性能远超FC，但是依然无法打败FC。
In order to break the monopoly of FC, NEC withdrew from PC Entertainment in 1987; Sega launched MegaDriver in 1988, referred to as MD. Although the performance of these new hosts far exceeds that of FC, they still cannot beat FC.
任天堂担心玩家流失，宣布开始研发超级 Famicom，简称SFC。这样FC进入了过渡期，游戏也变少了。
Worried about the loss of players, Nintendo announced the development of Super Famicom, or SFC for short. In this way, FC has entered a transition period, and there are fewer games.
1990年11月，SFC正式发售。
In November 1990, SFC was officially launched.
FC逐渐退出历史舞台。2003年9月，FC停产。
FC gradually withdrew from the stage of history. In September 2003, FC ceased production.
从1983年发售，FC活跃了7年。迄今为止，FC已在全球售出6191 万台，游戏软件总销量超过5 亿套。
Released in 1983, FC has been active for 7 years. So far, FC has sold 61.91 million units worldwide, and the total sales volume of game software has exceeded 500 million units.
